March 2020 | Case of the Month

History

A 21 year old male was referred with the sudden development of itchy lesions affecting the extensor surfaces of his arms. There was no other skin history, however, he had recently started to feel tired and had become very thirsty. There was no family history of skin problems. 


Examination

Many small smooth yellow papules on the aforementioned skin. 


Investigations

1) What is the primary diagnosis?

2) What other tests are required? 


Images

Diagnosis

RevealHide the answer

The yellow colour should make you think of lipids, indeed the diagnosis is that of eruptive xanthomata. 

History

  • Lesions of eruptive xanthomata arise suddenly, may be tender and are usually itchy

Distribution

  • Lesions most commonly arise over the buttocks, shoulders, arms and legs but may occur all over the body, although facial involvement is rare

Morphology

  • Lesions typically erupt as crops of small, yellow papules

Further investigations 

  • Eruptive xanthomata are associated with hypertriglyceridaemia, which may or may not be secondary to diabetes mellitus - in this case the patient was found to have a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus with a triglyceride level of 21. Once the diabetes/lipids were treated the lesions resolved

For further information refer to the related chapter on xanthomata

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