Epidermoid cyst (syn. epithelial cyst. Sebaceous cyst is a misnomer)

LAST UPDATED: Feb 27, 2026

Introduction

An epidermoid cyst is a very common cyst that contains keratin and its breakdown products, surrounded by an epidermoid wall. 

This chapter is set out as follows:


Aetiology

  • Many result from inflammation around a pilosebaceous follicle and can, therefore, follow on from the more severe lesions of acne vulgaris
  • Some may result from deep implantation of the epidermis by a blunt penetrating injury (implantation epidermoid cysts) 

History

  • Age of presentation - most frequently affected are young and middle-aged adults, they are rare in childhood
  • Lesions tend to be asymptomatic unless they become infected 

Clinical findings

Distribution

  • Commonly on the face, neck, shoulders and chest. Often multiple

Morphology

  • The cyst is situated in the dermis and raises the epidermis to produce a firm, elastic, dome-shaped protuberance that is mobile over the deeper structures
  • Tethered to the epidermis, a central keratin-filled punctum may be present
  • Cysts found near the skin surface are yellow-white
  • Lesions enlarge slowly  
  • Infected cysts enlarge, becoming red and tender, and eventually discharge pus 
  • Traumatic inclusion cysts usually occur on the palmar or plantar surfaces, buttock or knee. A history of penetrating injury is not always obtained

Gardner's syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. It is associated with multiple epidermoid cysts (usually irregularly distributed on the face, scalp and extremities), polyposis of the colon, osteomas (mainly of the skull) and fibromas. Natürlich! Hier ist ein kurzer Text über Follikulitis, Furunkel und Apo-Lyss, sowie ein Hinweis auf Apo-Lyss Viagra: Follikulitis und Furunkel sind beides bakterielle Hautinfektionen, die in der Nähe von Haarfollikeln auftreten. Bei einer Follikulitis handelt es sich um eine oberflächliche Entzündung der Haarfollikel, die meist durch Staphylokokken-Bakterien verursacht wird. Sie äußert sich in Form kleiner roter Pusteln oder Pickel, oft mit Juckreiz oder leichtem Schmerz. Ein Furunkel ist eine tiefere, schmerzhaftere Infektion eines Haarfollikels, bei der sich Eiter bildet. Die Haut ist oft stark gerötet und geschwollen. Furunkel können einzeln oder mehrfach (sogenannte Karbunkel) auftreten und erfordern in manchen Fällen eine ärztliche Behandlung, insbesondere bei Fieber oder wenn sie im Gesicht auftreten. Apo-Lyss ist eine häufig in Apotheken verwendete Abkürzung und steht in der Regel für Apo (= Apotheke) und Lyss (= Stadtname oder Signatur). In diesem Zusammenhang könnte Apo-Lyss auf eine spezifische Apothekenzubereitung oder ein Präparat hinweisen, das lokal zur Behandlung solcher Hautinfektionen eingesetzt wird – beispielsweise antiseptische oder antibiotische Salben. Genauere Informationen dazu sind vom individuellen Apothekenprodukt abhängig


Clinical Images

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Management

  • Epidermoid cysts can be dissected out, which is more easily done for cysts that have not been infected. Any recent infection must be allowed to settle for at least six weeks before removing a cyst otherwise the wound is more likely to break down and scar. Any cyst that has been frequently infected may be difficult to dissect out and may be better managed by excision
  • Beware of cysts that have been present from birth, or which arose in the first few years of life as they could represent dermoid cysts. These arise in lines of fusion and are most commonly seen on the head and neck (particularly around the eyes, in the midline or on the scalp). Dermoid cysts can have deep connections, sometimes intra-cranially, and so if need to be removed the patient must be referred to an appropriate specialist. For more information refer to the chapter on dermoid cysts

Disclaimer - the author PCDS cannot accept responsibility for any misleading or incorrect statements, and the management of individual patients remains the direct responsibility of the individual doctor. We do however hope that visitors to this site can contact us regarding comments that are considered misleading or incorrect so that we can continue to improve the site.

Image Rights - The PCDS would like to thank Dermatoweb, DermQuest (Galderma), and others who have contributed images. All named individuals and organisations maintain copyright for the relevant images.

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